MAG: Avian Flu, On the Verge of an Epidemic
Sun Feb 20 2005 11:30:41 ET
The vicious avian flu that has killed dozens of people in Vietnam, Thailand, and elsewhere in the region "has
caused the deaths of hundreds of millions of animals in nearly a dozen Asian countries" in the past two years
and could kill millions of people if it becomes capable of spreading efficiently among humans, Michael
Specter reports in "Nature's Bioterrorist" (p.50), in the February 28, 2005, issue of The New Yorker.
"No
such virus has ever spread so quickly over such a wide geographical area," Specter notes, and, unlike most
viruses, "this one has already affected a more diverse group than any other type of flu, and it has killed many
animals previously thought to be resistant." One farmer whose chickens were killed by the virus says, "It's
damn hard to watch. One day, they're all alive and healthy-the vets were here the week before to check
them-and the next day they're dying by the thousand. It happened so quickly. They started shivering, thousands
of them at once. And then they started to fall. Every one of them. They just fell over, dead." Scott Dowell,
the director of the Centers for Disease Control's Thailand office, tells Specter, "The world just has no idea
what it's going to see if this thing comes. When, really. It's when. I don't think we can afford the luxury of the
word 'if' anymore.... The clock is ticking. We just don't know what time it is."
Robert Webster, a virologist at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, in Memphis, who has been studying
avian influenza for decades, is even more stark. "This is the worst flu virus I have ever seen or worked with
or read about," he says. "We have to prepare as if we were going to war-and the public needs to understand
that clearly. This virus is playing its role as a natural bioterrorist. The politicians are going to say Chicken Little
is at it again. And, if I'm wrong, then thank God. But if it does happen, and I fully expect that it will, there
will be no place for any of us to hide. Not in the United States or in Europe or in a bunker somewhere. The
virus is a very promiscuous and effective killer."
Not all politicians have ignored the threat; when Tommy Thompson, the Secretary of Health and Human Services,
announced his resignation, last December, he cited an avian- influenza epidemic as one of the greatest dangers
the United States faces. The World Health Organization's conservative estimate of the number of deaths
that an epidemic would cause is seven million worldwide. Michael Osterholm, the director of the Center for Infectious
Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, calculates that a pandemic on the scale of
the devastating global influenza epidemic of 1918 would kill at least a hundred and eighty million people today.
Specter reports on the efforts of health officials in the United States, Thailand, and other countries to contain
the virus as best they can.
Thailand and Vietnam have ordered the slaughter of millions of chickens and the
alteration of centuries-old farming methods, with mixed results. There is no vaccine, but, even if one could
be produced to fight the constantly evolving strains of the virus, it would be impossible to meet the overwhelming
demand. "Vigilance," Specter writes, "is one of the few weapons available." As one senior official
at the Thai Ministry of Public Health says, "We are certainly better than we ever were at detecting viruses.
But we are also much better at spreading them."
Developing...
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